Ghana’s maritime sector is a cornerstone of the nation’s economic development, playing a critical role in both international trade and domestic revenue generation. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development’s (UNCTAD) Review of Maritime Transport (2022), Ghana’s primary ports—Tema and Takoradi—handle a substantial volume of cargo, with Tema Port processing the majority of the country’s imports and exports. This impressive throughput reflects Ghana’s strategic location along major global shipping lanes and underscores the vital role that its ports play in stimulating economic growth through enhanced trade activity and job creation.
Recent improvements in port infrastructure and operational efficiency have further enhanced Ghana’s competitive position in the region. Modernisation efforts at Tema Port, which include the integration of digital systems for cargo handling and streamlined customs clearance, have resulted in significant reductions in processing times. The African Development Bank’s Port Efficiency Report (2022) documents how these technological upgrades have effectively decreased dwell times and improved overall logistical performance, thereby reducing operational bottlenecks and attracting increased maritime traffic that bolsters trade volumes and economic performance.
Nevertheless, challenges persist. A study by the International Transport Forum (2022) reveals that port congestion and capacity constraints continue to be persistent issues, especially during peak trade periods. For instance, congestion at Tema Port has been associated with extended turnaround times and elevated operational costs—factors that can erode the competitive edge of Ghana’s ports relative to other West African hubs. In addition, data from the Ghana Revenue Authority (2023) indicate that inefficiencies in customs processing further exacerbate these delays, underscoring the urgent need for ongoing reforms in port management and regulatory frameworks.
Global benchmarks offer valuable lessons for Ghana. Ports in Singapore, Rotterdam, and Dubai have thrived by combining strategic investments, technological innovation, and robust regulatory reforms. These international examples set high standards in efficiency, transparency, and service quality that are critical for sustaining competitive advantage in today’s dynamic global market. Drawing from these models, Ghana’s authorities are encouraged to adopt a multi-faceted strategy that includes continuous infrastructure development, the incorporation of advanced digital technologies, and comprehensive regulatory reforms designed to streamline operations and reduce inefficiencies.
To fully harness the potential of its maritime economy, Ghana must prioritize both short-term operational enhancements and long-term strategic investments. Strengthening port infrastructure to accommodate larger vessels and diversifying cargo handling capabilities are essential steps toward sustained growth. Equally important is the adoption of comprehensive digitalization strategies—such as real-time tracking and data-driven decision-making—that will ensure Ghana remains competitive and attractive to international investors. By addressing these challenges head-on and building on recent progress, Ghana can transform its ports from mere transit points into dynamic engines of economic transformation.
- The Battle for West Africa’s Trade – Can Ghana Outmaneuver Togo and Ivory Coast?
To secure sustainable economic growth and a lasting competitive edge, Ghana must look beyond immediate fixes and invest in medium-term innovations that transform its port infrastructure. Modernizing these critical gateways requires not only expanding capacity but also integrating emerging technologies and nurturing vibrant industrial ecosystems around them. A forward-thinking strategy is essential. Research from the African Development Bank (2022) shows that investments in automation, advanced logistics systems, and infrastructure expansion can boost port productivity by up to 25%.
This significant uplift is crucial in regions where capacity constraints have already limited potential revenue and trade volume, as highlighted by UNCTAD’s Review of Maritime Transport (2022), which underscores similar challenges across emerging markets. Central to this medium-term vision is transforming port areas into dynamic industrial clusters. The development of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) adjacent to port facilities offers a tremendous opportunity to attract diversified investments. Studies by the International Monetary Fund (IMF, 2023) have found that SEZs can catalyze rapid industrialization and attract substantial foreign direct investment, triggering a multiplier effect that ripples through the entire economy—from logistics and manufacturing to specialized service sectors.
Further revenue diversification can be achieved by establishing dedicated ship repair and maintenance facilities. Case studies from maritime hubs such as Singapore and Dubai have shown that such investments not only strengthen the overall value chain but also create additional economic opportunities, as detailed in reports by Port Technology International (2023) and McKinsey & Company (2021). Another cornerstone of this medium-term blueprint is an ambitious digital transformation. Integrating systems that leverage Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, blockchain technology, and real-time analytics can revolutionize cargo management.
The World Customs Organization (WCO, 2022) reports that these innovations can streamline operations, bolster security, and enable data-driven decision-making across the port ecosystem—critical for enhancing transparency and attracting global investors. Equally important is the development of human capital. Research by the International Labour Organisation (ILO, 2023) indicates that targeted training programs can boost labour productivity by up to 20%. By equipping port personnel with skills in emerging technologies and international best practices, Ghana can ensure its workforce remains agile and capable of managing a more technologically advanced maritime sector.
- Short-Term Strategies to Boost Port Revenue
Enhancing port revenue in the short term demands a targeted approach that tackles operational inefficiencies, streamlines administrative procedures, and fully leverages digital innovations. According to a comprehensive report by the African Development Bank (2022), inefficiencies in cargo processing and extended clearance times at Ghana’s ports have led to an estimated loss of up to 10% in potential revenue. This significant revenue leak underscores the urgent need for reform. One of the most promising strategies is the accelerated adoption of digital systems for cargo tracking and customs clearance. Research from Port Technology International (2023) demonstrates that a fully digitalized clearance system can reduce average clearance times by as much as 40%. This transformation not only expedites cargo movement but also slashes storage costs incurred during lengthy dwell periods, creating a more fluid and cost-effective port environment.
In parallel, revising the current tariff structure offers a vital short-term revenue boost. A detailed analysis by the International Monetary Fund (IMF, 2023) suggests that a reduction in container handling charges by just 15% could spur an increase in cargo volumes by 8–10%. Such competitive pricing models would immediately enhance the attractiveness of Ghana’s ports, helping them to compete more effectively against regional powerhouses like Lomé and Abidjan—which have already reformed their fee structures to capture a larger share of transhipment business, as noted by the Ghana Statistical Service (2023). Improving operational efficiency also hinges on optimizing labour and administrative processes. Findings from the International Labour Organization (ILO, 2023) reveal that targeted training programs and performance-based incentives for port workers can boost productivity by approximately 20% in the short term. Investing in capacity building not only refines service delivery but also minimizes errors and delays that drain revenue.
Moreover, harmonizing administrative procedures with international best practices is crucial. Recommendations from the World Customs Organization (WCO, 2022) emphasize that aligning customs and border processes with global standards can effectively streamline cross-border trade and eliminate bureaucratic bottlenecks. Collectively, these short-term measures—from digital transformation and tariff restructuring to workforce optimization and procedural harmonization—form a pragmatic roadmap for boosting port revenue. In addressing these operational challenges head-on, Ghana can quickly attract increased maritime traffic, reduce congestion, and enhance overall service quality. This dynamic, multi-pronged approach not only promises immediate fiscal benefits but also lays a robust foundation for sustained long-term economic growth.
- Medium-Term Innovations for Long-Term Gains
To secure sustainable economic growth and a lasting competitive edge, Ghana must look beyond immediate fixes and invest in medium-term innovations that transform its port infrastructure. Modernizing these critical gateways requires not only expanding capacity but also integrating emerging technologies and nurturing vibrant industrial ecosystems around them. A forward-thinking strategy is essential. Research from the African Development Bank (2022) shows that investments in automation, advanced logistics systems, and infrastructure expansion can boost port productivity by up to 25%. This significant uplift is crucial in regions where capacity constraints have already limited potential revenue and trade volume, as highlighted by UNCTAD’s Review of Maritime Transport (2022), which underscores similar challenges across emerging markets.
Central to this medium-term vision is transforming port areas into dynamic industrial clusters. The development of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) adjacent to port facilities offers a tremendous opportunity to attract diversified investments. Studies by the International Monetary Fund (IMF, 2023) have found that SEZs can catalyze rapid industrialization and attract substantial foreign direct investment, triggering a multiplier effect that ripples through the entire economy—from logistics and manufacturing to specialized service sectors. Further revenue diversification can be achieved by establishing dedicated ship repair and maintenance facilities. Case studies from maritime hubs such as Singapore and Dubai have shown that such investments not only strengthen the overall value chain but also create additional economic opportunities, as detailed in reports by Port Technology International (2023) and McKinsey & Company (2021).
Another cornerstone of this medium-term blueprint is an ambitious digital transformation. Integrating systems that leverage Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, blockchain technology, and real-time analytics can revolutionize cargo management. The World Customs Organization (WCO, 2022) reports that these innovations can streamline operations, bolster security, and enable data-driven decision-making across the port ecosystem—critical for enhancing transparency and attracting global investors. Equally important is the development of human capital.
Research by the International Labour Organisation (ILO, 2023) indicates that targeted training programs can boost labour productivity by up to 20%. In equipping port personnel with skills in emerging technologies and international best practices, Ghana can ensure its workforce remains agile and capable of managing a more technologically advanced maritime sector. In essence, the medium-term path to unlocking long-term gains for Ghana’s port economy lies in a balanced approach that marries substantial infrastructural upgrades with strategic industrial clustering and the broad integration of digital technologies.
Supported by robust evidence from the African Development Bank, IMF, UNCTAD, WCO, ILO, and insights from McKinsey & Company, this comprehensive framework promises not only to enhance operational efficiency but also to significantly boost economic output. Through investing in these key areas, Ghana can transform its ports into vibrant hubs of innovation and economic growth—ensuring they remain not just vital conduits for trade but dynamic engines propelling the nation toward a prosperous future in the global maritime landscape.
- Ghana as West Africa’s Premier Maritime Hub
Ghana is poised to redefine its maritime landscape, transforming from a regional transit point into a fully integrated maritime hub that drives economic growth across West Africa. With its prime location along major global shipping lanes, the country is uniquely positioned to attract international trade and investment. Recent initiatives such as the Maritime Port Services (MPS) project have already begun to reshape the industry. Evaluations by the African Development Bank (2022) reveal that the MPS project has cut vessel waiting times by 20%, demonstrating how modernized infrastructure can dramatically boost operational efficiency. But Ghana’s vision extends far beyond day-to-day improvements.
The nation is actively developing deep-water ports capable of accommodating ultra-large container vessels—a critical move to compete with regional leaders like Togo and Ivory Coast. For instance, the ongoing expansion at Tema Port is not only designed to increase capacity but also integrates state-of-the-art cargo handling and digital tracking systems. According to an analysis from the International Monetary Fund (IMF, 2023), modernized port infrastructure in emerging markets can drive trade volumes by as much as 15%, underscoring the transformative potential of these investments. Ghana’s maritime ecosystem is further strengthened by complementary projects.
Alongside the MPS initiative, specialized logistics parks and intermodal transport corridors are being developed to seamlessly connect ports with road and rail networks. International research from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD, 2022) and the World Bank (2022) indicates that regions surrounding modernized port facilities often experience a multiplier effect, with industrial activity surges of around 12% or more. This robust evidence underscores the transformative impact of strategic maritime investments on regional economic development.
Global examples offer a compelling blueprint for success. In Rotterdam, the integration of digital systems with intermodal transport networks has turned the port into a central node of global supply chains. Similarly, Singapore’s relentless drive for innovation in port operations has established it as one of the world’s most efficient and bustling maritime hubs. The WorldCustoms Organisation (WCO, 2022) confirms that comprehensive port modernization typically yields significant efficiency gains and revenue growth—a lesson Ghana can readily adopt. Additional insights from organizations such as UNCTAD (2022) and the OECD (2021) reinforce the idea that strategic, long-term investments in port infrastructure not only enhance operational efficiency but also stimulate broader economic development.
By leveraging deep-water facilities, advanced digital technologies, and integrated transport networks, Ghana can create a resilient, future-ready maritime hub that meets the complexities of modern global commerce. In essence, Ghana is not merely upgrading its ports—it is reimagining them as dynamic centres of trade and innovation. With coordinated policy support, targeted infrastructure investments, and robust public-private partnerships, Ghana is set to emerge as West Africa’s premier maritime powerhouse, delivering significant economic dividends for the entire region.
- Aquatic Tourism and River Transport – A Multi-Billion Dollar Opportunity
Ghana’s expansive coastline and navigable inland waterways offer a transformative opportunity to diversify the nation’s economy by tapping into aquatic tourism and river transport. This emerging sector is positioned to generate substantial revenue while reducing overdependence on traditional cargo trade. Recent modernization initiatives—spurred by investments from both the public and private sectors—are setting the stage for a new era in Ghana’s maritime development. For example, infrastructure enhancements at key port facilities have not only improved cargo handling but have also attracted attention from international investors and tourism operators. The African Development Bank (2022) notes that such investments can create a foundation for innovative ventures, including luxury cruise tourism and integrated waterfront developments.
Global data further highlight the potential of this sector. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD, 2022) reports that countries with well-developed aquatic tourism and multimodal transport networks tend to see significant boosts in economic performance. In tandem, the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC, 2022) has demonstrated that strategic investments in tourism infrastructure can increase local economic activity by up to 10–12%, a trend that Ghana could replicate by developing world-class attractions—ranging from floating hotels and eco-resorts to modern marinas.
Ghana’s natural endowments—its beautiful coastline and historic maritime heritage—present a unique opportunity for waterfront revitalization. Drawing lessons from leading global cities like Dubai and Singapore, which have successfully transformed their waterfronts into vibrant leisure and commercial districts, Ghana can create dynamic tourist destinations that stimulate a range of ancillary sectors such as hospitality, retail, and cultural industries. This vision is supported by empirical research from the OECD (2021), which underscores how integrated tourism strategies can drive sustainable regional growth.
In addition to leisure and tourism, expanding river transport networks represents a strategic solution to longstanding logistics challenges. Integrating river transport with existing port operations can alleviate road congestion, reduce logistics costs, and enhance the overall efficiency of the supply chain. European case studies, detailed in reports by the International Transport Forum (2022), reveal that efficient river systems can cut logistics costs by as much as 15–20% while providing a reliable alternative for both freight and commuter travel. By developing dedicated river ports and upgrading navigational infrastructure, Ghana could better link its inland production hubs with international markets.
The economic potential of diversifying the maritime sector is compelling. Projections from the International Monetary Fund (IMF, 2023) suggest that broadening the scope of maritime activities to include aquatic tourism and river transport could add an extra 5–7% to Ghana’s GDP over the next decade. This infusion of economic activity would create new job opportunities and increase the nation’s resilience against global trade fluctuations. Realizing this multi-billion-dollar opportunity will depend on a coordinated policy framework, targeted infrastructure investments, and strong public-private partnerships. By harnessing its maritime assets and learning from global best practices, Ghana can transform its coastal and riverine regions into vibrant centres of tourism and efficient transport networks—catalyzing long-term economic growth and diversification.
- Renewable Energy for Ports – The Future of Green Maritime Infrastructure
Ghana’s journey toward establishing world-class ports must now integrate sustainable energy solutions that align with global environmental goals while delivering long-term cost efficiencies. As the international maritime community faces mounting pressure to lower its carbon footprint, adopting renewable energy at port facilities is emerging as a critical pathway. Recent research by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA, 2023) reveals that integrating renewable systems in port operations can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 20% and lower operational energy costs by a similar margin. These findings underscore the economic and environmental benefits of renewable energy investments.
Key opportunities lie in harnessing offshore wind, solar, and tidal energy to power port infrastructure. For example, European ports that have incorporated offshore wind farms report significant reductions in fossil fuel dependence and more stable energy pricing. In addition, data from the International Energy Agency (IEA, 2022) indicates that over the past decade, the cost of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has fallen by nearly 85%, making solar installations increasingly cost-effective for large-scale applications such as port operations. Ghana’s favourable coastal winds and abundant solar radiation position it ideally to replicate these successes.
By deploying solar panels and offshore wind turbines, ports like Tema and Takoradi can establish self-sufficient energy systems that support not only routine operations but also the electrification of logistics and transport activities within the port area. The economic implications of such a transition are compelling. According to the World Bank (2022), ports transitioning to renewable energy sources can achieve long-term savings on energy expenditures, which in turn improves overall operational reliability and competitiveness. Moreover, international development banks and investors are increasingly prioritizing green infrastructure projects. This trend is supported by the IEA’s Energy Technology Perspectives (2021) report, which forecasts that renewable energy investments could cut industrial energy costs by 15–30% over the next decade.
Beyond powering operations, renewable energy projects at ports can serve as catalysts for broader economic development. Establishing green energy hubs around port areas can stimulate local job creation in installation, maintenance, and energy management. Such initiatives foster public–private partnerships and drive innovation in renewable maritime technologies, reinforcing Ghana’s commitment to sustainable development. This is in line with global sustainability targets, as highlighted by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs), particularly Goal 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and Goal 13 (Climate Action). While challenges such as significant upfront capital investment, regulatory complexities, and ongoing maintenance remain, experiences from maritime centres like Rotterdam and Singapore demonstrate that these obstacles can be overcome with strategic planning and targeted policy support. In streamlining approval processes, incentivizing renewable investments, and partnering with international technology providers, Ghana can create an enabling environment for green energy adoption at its ports.
- AI, Automation, and Smart Port Infrastructure – The Next Big Shift
The digital revolution is fundamentally reshaping global trade, and Ghana’s maritime sector must harness the power of AI, automation, and smart port infrastructure to remain competitive. Advanced technologies are not only streamlining operations but also redefining the entire supply chain—from reducing congestion and cutting clearance times to optimizing resource utilization. According to the World Bank (2022), integrating AI and automation in port operations can yield efficiency gains of up to 30%, significantly reducing turnaround times and operational costs. Renowned research underscores the transformative potential of these technologies. A report by the World Economic Forum (WEF, 2021) projects that the global port industry could generate up to $60 billion in value by 2030 through the adoption of AI and digital automation.
Similarly, McKinsey & Company (2021) estimates that digital transformation, driven by AI and robotics, may unlock an additional $150 billion in value across the global shipping industry by 2030. These findings highlight not only the economic benefits but also the critical role of AI in enhancing operational efficiency and competitiveness in ports. Key components of smart port infrastructure include automated cargo handling systems, real-time tracking through IoT sensors, and AI-driven predictive analytics. For example, Singapore’s port authorities have implemented AI systems to optimize berth allocation and reduce vessel waiting times—a success story lauded by the International Maritime Organization (IMO, 2023). Ghana can emulate these advancements by investing in similar technologies, thereby enabling dynamic scheduling, efficient resource allocation, and enhanced security through automated surveillance systems.
Digital transformation in the port sector is further accelerated by blockchain technology, which provides a secure, transparent ledger for trade finance and documentation. TheWorld Customs Organization (WCO, 2022) reports that blockchain applications can reduce customs processing times by as much as 50%, streamlining operations and mitigating delays. Beyond operational efficiency, research by the International Transport Forum (ITF, 2022) suggests that the integration of AI and automation could boost overall productivity in the port industry by 20–30% by 2030.
Moreover, a joint study by Deloitte and the Global Maritime Forum (2021)emphasises that ports embracing smart technologies will not only see cost reductions but also achieve significant improvements in energy efficiency and sustainability, positioning them as leaders in the next era of maritime innovation. Government incentives, public-private partnerships, and targeted investments remain crucial to accelerating this digital shift. Recent initiatives by the Ghanaian government, supported by data from the Ghana Statistical Service (2023), have laid the groundwork for modernizing trade-related infrastructure. With a strategic focus on AI and automation, Ghana can overcome operational bottlenecks and emerge as a forward-thinking maritime hub in the digital global economy.
In embracing these advanced technologies, Ghana stands to transform its port operations into a model of efficiency and innovation. As acclaimed research from organizations like WEF, McKinsey, ITF, and Deloitte indicates, the integration of AI, automation, and smart digital solutions is set to revolutionize the port industry by 2030—unlocking billions in economic value and paving the way for a more resilient, competitive future
- Revamping the Tema Drydocks
Revamping the Tema Drydocks represents a transformative opportunity for Ghana’s maritime sector—not only to upgrade ship repair and maintenance capabilities but also to unlock significant economic returns. According to analyses from institutions such as the African Development Bank (2022)andUNCTAD (2022), modernizing drydock facilities in emerging markets can improve operational efficiency by up to 25%, leading to shorter vessel turnaround times and reduced maintenance costs. Although earlier reports have suggested varying levels of capacity utilization, recent studies underscore that the real challenge lies in outdated infrastructure and technological deficits rather than inherent capacity limits.
A comprehensive modernisation program for the Tema Drydocks is estimated to require an investment of approximately $250 million over five years. With this infusion of capital, the facility is projected to generate additional annual revenue of between $80 million and $100 million. Over five years, these improvements could cumulatively add $400–$500 million in revenue. These projections are supported by findings in similar sectors reported by the World Bank (2022), which has noted that strategic investments in maritime infrastructure in emerging markets can produce robust financial returns.
Moreover, the economic benefits extend well beyond direct revenue. Revitalizing the Tema Drydocks would not only create new operational and technical roles but also spur ancillary economic activity throughout the region. Direct employment is projected to create between 2,500 and 3,000 skilled jobs in technical, managerial, and operational capacities. Indirectly, as the enhanced facility attracts more business and stimulates supporting industries—ranging from logistics to supply chain management—an additional 7,500 to 10,000 jobs could be generated. In total, this initiative has the potential to create approximately 10,000 to 13,000 jobs, reinforcing its significant socio-economic impact.
These improvements align with broader regional strategies, such as the IPADA initiative—which in Nigeria is already channelling investments into constructing state-of-the-art cruise ships—and innovative financing schemes like the Eco-6 Stimulus Grant Scheme. Research by the World Bank (2022) supports the effectiveness of these financial instruments in mobilizing both domestic and diaspora capital. Such funding mechanisms have, in comparable projects worldwide, successfully unlocked billions of dollars, driving large-scale infrastructural upgrades.
- Policy and Leadership – A National Maritime Strategy for Ghana’s Future
Ghana’s maritime future hinges not only on infrastructural and technological investments but also on visionary leadership and robust policy reforms. A comprehensive national maritime strategy is vital to align initiatives—from port modernization and digital transformation to green energy and tourism development—within a coherent framework. Recent reviews by the International Monetary Fund (IMF, 2023) stress that proactive regulatory reforms and strategic public-private partnerships are essential for unlocking the full potential of Ghana’s maritime sector. For example, streamlining trade regulations, reforming customs procedures, and adopting best practices in port management can enhance efficiency and attract both domestic and international investment.
Central to this strategy is the development of innovative financing mechanisms that mobilize significant capital for maritime development. One promising avenue is the issuance of diaspora bonds through the African Diaspora Central Bank. According to the World Bank (2022), diaspora bonds have the potential to mobilize billions of dollars by tapping into the financial resources and patriotic sentiment of the African diaspora. Channelling these investments into port infrastructure and maritime projects not only secures essential funds but also fosters a shared sense of national pride and ownership.
In addition to diaspora bonds, strategic investments through initiatives such as the IPADA project underscore the transformative potential of a comprehensive maritime strategy. The IPADA initiative, for instance, has committed an investment of $9 billion toward constructing six state-of-the-art cruise ships. This move is expected to revolutionise Ghana’s cruise tourism segment, creating extensive ripple effects across local economies. Research by the IMF (2023) indicates that high-profile investments of this nature signal strong investor confidence, paving the way for further large-scale financing initiatives in the maritime sector. Effective policy and leadership remain the linchpins of Ghana’s national maritime strategy. Government agencies, in collaboration with international financial institutions and industry stakeholders, must cultivate an environment that encourages innovation, streamlines bureaucratic processes and ensures transparent governance.
This holistic approach is critical for addressing challenges such as port congestion, outdated customs procedures, and labour inefficiencies while positioning Ghana as a competitive and forward-thinking maritime hub. As global trade evolves, strategic leadership will be indispensable in navigating the complexities of modern maritime economics and driving sustainable, long-term growth for the nation. In embracing innovative financing mechanisms like diaspora bonds and capitalising on transformative investments such as the IPADA initiative, Ghana can enhance its port infrastructure and operational efficiency. In doing so, it will foster a resilient, diversified economy poised to secure its place as West Africa’s maritime powerhouse.
- Conclusion
Ghana’s maritime transformation is not just an upgrade of physical infrastructure—it is a bold reimagining of the nation’s economic future. In integrating advanced digital technologies, embracing sustainable practices, and fostering innovative financing mechanisms, Ghana is poised to turn its ports into dynamic centres of global trade and economic growth. These strategic investments will not only enhance operational efficiency and competitiveness but will also create a ripple effect throughout the entire economy, driving job creation and regional development. As the nation builds on its rich maritime heritage and learns from global best practices, it is charting a course toward a future where its ports stand as powerful engines of prosperity and resilience in an ever-evolving global marketplace.
Authors:
Dr David King Boison, a maritime and port expert, AI Consultant and Senior Fellow CIMAG. He can be contacted via email at kingdavboison@gmail.com
Albert Derrick Fiatui, is the Executive Director at the Centre for International Maritime Affairs, Ghana (CIMAG), an Advocacy, Research and Operational Policy Think-tank, with a focus on the Maritime Industry (Blue Economy) and general Ocean Governance. He is a Maritime Policy and Ocean Governance Expert.
Iddrisu Awudu Kasoa is a Professor of Management: Supply Chain and Logistics. he can be contacted via email at Iddrisuawudukasoa@gmail.com
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